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Cyclopia (also cyclocephaly or synophthalmia) is a rare form of holoprosencephaly and is a congenital disorder (birth defect) characterised by the failure of the embryonic prosencephalon to properly divide the orbits of the eye into two cavities. It is the severest facial expression of the holoprosencephaly syndrome.
Babies with cyclopia typically have a single eye or a partially divided eye in a single orbit, a missing or non-functioning nose, and curved, broken, or crumpled outer ears.
Most babies with cyclopia are stillborn or aborted, and those that are born alive usually only live for hours. There is no way to prevent or treat cyclopia.
Cyclopia can be detected in the womb with an ultrasound or fetal MRI. If it's not diagnosed in the womb, it can be identified at birth with a visual examination.
Cyclopia occurs when the embryonic prosencephalon doesn't divide properly into right and left hemispheres, which usually happens between the 18th and 28th day of gestation. Potential risk factors include chromosomal anomalies, female sex, multiple pregnancies, and maternal factors like previous miscarriages, gestational diabetes, and exposure to certain drugs.
